Sassanians

There are so many legends about Khosrow I (Anushirvan) that conducting serious historical research on him becomes difficult, and it is hard to reach a definitive conclusion about his historical character. In any case, it seems that these narratives and literary legacies were not solely inspired by one individual, but rather by an entire era—a distinguished period during which culture and civilization in the Sasanian Empire reached their peak.

The ancient Andarznāmeh (books of counsel) are texts that contain ethical teachings from the kings and sages of ancient Persia (Iran). Portions of these works also include political guidance, reflecting the ethos of governance during that time. For example, in the Counsels of Ardashir Babakan, we read that a ruler must first consider God, then the people, and only afterwards himself… According to the advice of Bozorgmehr, the wisest action for a king is to consult with scholars. Even the king himself must seek knowledge, read many books, and be open to learning from the sciences of other nations.

About ten years ago, one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the century in Britain took place: the unearthing of over 5 kilograms of silver, gold, and historical artifacts. Recently, one of the vessels from this treasure was cleaned with a laser at the National Museum of Scotland to remove the green corrosion covering it. After this cleaning, its engravings were revealed—and remarkably, Iranian and Zoroastrian motifs became visible. The central emblem on the goblet is a fire altar, the same symbol used on Sassanid imperial coins. It also became clear that the vessel is adorned with a crown from which flames emerge…